Tarihçe

Resim YOk

RİZE TARİHÇESİ   

İLİN ADININ KAYNAĞI Rize'nin tarihi öncesi hakkında bilgilerimiz sınırlıdır. Yöreye hakim olan orman dokusu nedeniyle, Rize'nin tarih çağları ile ilgili bilgilere ışık tutacak arkeolojik bulgular da bu güne kadar ortaya çıkarılamamıştır. Rize'nin tarihi ancak komşu illerin ve bölgelerin tarihleri ile bağlantılı olarak ele alınabilmiştir. Rize ilinin adı ile ilgili olarak değişik görüşler ileri sürülmüştür; Yunanca pirinç anlamına gelen Rhisos, Rumca'da "RIZA" olarak dağ eteği anlamında kullanılmıştır. Osmanlıca'da ise "RİZE" ufak kırıntı, döküntü anlamındadır. Ayrıca Erzincan'ın Sakalar dönemindeki "Eriza" olan adının başındaki "e" sesinin düşmesi ile adaş olarak Rize için de kullanıldığı ifade edilmektedir. İLK TARİHİ İZLER Rize ili ve çevresinin bilinen ilk hakim ahalisi, bitişken dilli ve Asya kökenli kavimlerdir. Bunlar Rize ve çevresinde tarım ve hayvancılıkla geçinen yerleşik topluluklarıdır. Bu topluluklardan "KULKU-KULKHA"ların adına, Erzurum yöresini kendi ülkesinin topraklarına katan URARTU kralı II. SARDUR (M.Ö. 765-735) 'un Çıldır gölünün güneyinde Taşköprü köyünün üstündeki kayalıklara kazdırdığı çivi yazılı kitabede rastlanmıştır. M.Ö. 2000'lerde Kafkas dağları ile Karadeniz'in kuzeyinde yaşayan Kimmerler'in Ülkesi, M.Ö. 720 yıllarında Sakalar tarafından işgal edildi. Kimmerler'in Azak denizi ile Kafkaslar arasında yaşayan kolu, Sakalar'ın baskısı ile M.Ö. 714 yıllarında yurtlarını bırakarak Aras ve Çoruh nehri boylarınca yayıldılar. Kimmerler'in bu ilk göçleri, en eski destani Gürcistan tarihi olan "Kartlis-Çkhovrebe"da kartli (Gürcistan) ve komşularını esarete aldıkları ilk seferi diye anılmaktadır. Daha sonraları Kızılırmak ve Adana Bölgesine kadar hakim olan Kimmerler'den, Trabzon-Bayburt arasındaki Kemer dağı, Rize Çayeli İlçesi çıkışındaki Kemer köyü, Kızılırmak boyundaki Gemerek ile Kars'ın doğusunda yer alan Ümrü gibi coğrafya adları günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Aşağı Tuna ve Karpatlara kadar Doğu Avrupa'ya hakim olan Sakalar M.Ö. 680 yılında kendilerine itaat etmeyen son Kimmerler'i de yenerek Azerbaycan ve Gürcistan'a yayıldılar. Saka Kralı MADOVA'nın M.Ö. 626'da Medler'ce hile ile öldürülmesi üzerine Heredot'un andığı "Asya'da 28 yıl süren Sakaların hakimiyetleri" sona erdi. Saka göçleri sırasında, Aşağı Çoruh ve Rize-Batum arasına "Kalaç" adlı bir Türk boyu yerleşmiştir. Bu boyun yerleştiği bölgeye, M.S. 150 yıllarında yazılan PTOLEMEUS'un coğrafyasında Kalarzen, Gürcü kaynaklarda ise Klarc-et (=Klarç yurdu) denmektedir. Batom-Rize arasında güneyden Karadeniz'e esen sıcak rüzgarlar hala "Kalaş yeli" olarak anılmaktadır. Ayrıca Rize yöresindeki Türkmen/Oğuz topluluğu içinde yer alan Askur Boyunun Rize'nin doğusundaki Askoroz çayı diye bilinen çaya adını vermiş olması gerektir. Yine Sakaların Horosan kolunun gelen Arşaklar ve Balkarlar Bayburt çevresi Çoruh vadisi boyunca yerleşmişlerdir. Bu yüzden Bayburt ve İspir'in kuzeyindeki sıra dağlara günümüze kadar ve hece kaymasıyla "Balkal" ve buradan güneye doğru esen yağmur getiren rüzgara da "Balkal yeli" denile gelmektedir. Rize'de Hemşinlilerin en güzel yaylaları Baykal dağlarındadır.
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